Cytologic and histologic samples from patients infected by the novel coronavirus 2019 SARS-CoV-2: An Italian institutional experience focusing on biosafety procedures

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, spread around the globe with dramatic and lethal effects. From the initial Chinese epicenter, the European diaspora taxed the resources of several countries and especially those of Italy, which was forced into a complete social and economic shutdown. Infection by droplets contaminating hands and surfaces represents the main vehicle of diffusion of the virus. The common and strong efforts to contain the pandemic have relevant effects on the management of samples from histopathology laboratories. The current commentary reports and focuses on the protocols and guidelines in use at a large tertiary Italian hospital that accordingly are proposed for adoption in Italian laboratories as a potential model for national guidelines for the coronavirus emergency.     

狗牙花属植物生物碱类成分及生物活性的研究进展

夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)狗牙花属(Ervatamia Stapf)植物中的化学成分以及其生物活性一直是研究热点。其在全世界有约120种,主要分布在印度、中国西南地区,东南亚、大洋洲、北美洲、南美洲部分地区以及各海岛;在我国主要有15种和5变种,主要分布在华南地区及西南地区和台湾。我国傣族将云南狗牙花茎用于治疗产后体虚、头晕目眩、恶露淋漓等症状。据《中国植物志》中记载,产于亚洲热带与亚热带地区的单瓣狗牙花,其叶有降低血压功效,常用于治眼病、疮疥、乳疮、咬伤等;根可治头痛和骨折等。生物碱是狗牙花属植物中的主要化学成分,具有新颖的化学结构。现代药理学研究发现,狗牙花属植物中生物碱类成分具有抗肿瘤和抗乙酰胆碱脂酶等生物活性,其中抗肿瘤活性最为显著。因此狗牙花属植物具有很好的开发价值。但是,科研人员对狗牙花属植物生物碱类成分的研究仅限于发现与生物活性的测定,临床功效的研究较少。笔者结合近20年来的国内外文献对该属植物中149个生物碱进行总结,为进一步研究具有显著活性的生物碱类化学成分,合理充分利用狗牙花属植物的药用资源提供有价值的参考。     

丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷用于脑梗死恢复期的临床观察

目的：探析脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗对改善神经功能的效果。方法：选取2017年5月至2019年11月马鞍山十七冶医院收治的脑梗死恢复期患者66例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组，每组33例。对照组采取氢氯吡格雷口服治疗，观察组采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服治疗，比较2组患者治疗有效率、神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）、日常生活能力评分（ADL）、运动功能、不良反应发生率、洼田饮水试验等指标。结果：与对照组比较，观察组治疗有效率明显较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与对照组比较，观察组的NIHSS评分较低，ADL评分较高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组用药后洼田饮水试验分级比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：脑梗死恢复期患者采取丹红注射液联合氢氯吡格雷口服进行治疗能够提升治疗效果、改善神经功能，安全性高，可加快患者康复速度。     

桃红四物汤化学成分、药理作用、临床应用的研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析

桃红四物汤,活血祛瘀之经典名方。该文对近年来桃红四物汤的化学成分、药理作用以及临床应用研究进展进行总结与分析。目前,桃红四物汤不同提取部位化学成分的研究较为系统,其药理作用研究主要集中在活血化瘀、调经镇痛、促进骨折愈合等方面,临床可应用于多系统、多脏腑疾病的治疗,例如妇科疾病、内科疾病、骨伤科疾病、皮肤科疾病等。在此基础上,依照质量标志物(Q-marker)有效、特有、传递与溯源、可测和处方配伍的"五原则"对桃红四物汤Q-marker进行预测分析,提示阿魏酸、芍药苷、苦杏仁苷、芍药内酯苷、梓醇、没食子酸、羟基红花黄色素A可作为该复方的Q-marker,后续可选择这些Q-marker为指标,根据药材、饮片、中间体、对应实物的量值传递进行桃红四物汤全程质量控制并创建其质量可溯源体系。     

沙参麦冬汤加减对阴虚肺热证肺炎支原体肺炎恢复期患者免疫炎症反应的影响

目的:观察沙参麦冬汤加减对肺炎支原体肺炎恢复期患者阴虚肺热证的疗效及对免疫炎症反应的调节作用。方法:将148例患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各74例。研究期间对照组脱落、失访2例,剔除3例完成70例;观察组脱落、失访4例,完成71例。两组患者均口服阿奇霉素片,10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),连服3 d;和匹多莫德颗粒剂,0.4～0.8 g/次,2次/d;和氨溴特罗口服溶液,2.5～15 mL/次,2次/d。对照组口服养阴清肺口服液,5～10 mL/次,2～3次/d;观察组内服沙参麦冬汤加减,1剂/d。两组疗程均为7 d。进行治疗前后咳嗽症状评分和咳嗽视觉模拟评分(VAS);记录咳嗽、肺部湿啰音,咯痰消失时间和胸片复常时间;进行治疗前后阴虚肺热证评分和莱塞斯特咳嗽问卷(LCQ)评分;检测治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+和CD4+/CD8+)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6),IL~(-1)0,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),P物质(SP),降钙素原基因相关肽(CGRP)水平;进行治疗后安全性评价。结果:观察组疾病疗效总有效为95.77%(68/71),优于对照组的82.86%(58/70)(χ2=6.186,P0.05);观察组患者咳嗽症状积分和VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者LCQ量表各维度评分和LCQ总分均高于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者咳嗽、肺部湿啰音、咯痰消失时间及胸片复常时间均短于对照组(P0.01);观察组CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+均高于对照组(P0.01),CD8+低于对照组(P0.01);观察组血清IL-6,IL~(-1)0,TNF-α水平和痰液中SP和CGRP水均低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:在西医常规治疗的基础上,采用沙参麦冬汤加减内服治疗MPP恢复期阴虚肺热证患者,可减轻咳嗽程度,缩短病程,改善了生活质量,提高了细胞免疫功能,减轻了炎性损伤,降低了咳嗽敏感性,有较好的临床疗效,且使用安全。     

Validation of the Maternal Identity Scale for Primiparous Thai Teenage Mothers

Purpose

The Maternal Role Attainment Scale Form B (MRAS-Form B) was developed based on Mercer's theory and widely used to assess maternal role attainment among Thai mothers in hospitals. To assess the maternal identity among primiparous adolescent mothers in communities, MRAS-Form B remains indistinguishable due to differences in both mothers' ages and circumstances and was modified to the Maternal Identity Scale (MIS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the MIS.

食管癌术后康复期患者营养状况及生命质量的纵向研究

目的 了解食管癌术后康复期患者营养状况及生命质量的变化趋势及相关关系。方法 以四川省肿瘤专科医院行食管癌手术治疗的75例患者为研究对象，在患者术后1个月、3个月和6个月时运用患者主观整体营养评估量表进行营养评估，采用肿瘤生命质量测评量表和食管癌患者补充量表进行生命质量评定。结果 食管癌患者术后随时间的延长营养不良发生率由73.4%下降至33.5%。生活质量各维度评分在各评估时间点差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），功能领域和症状领域在术后1个月与术后3个月、术后6个月比较有统计学意义（P<0.05），术后3个月与术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。患者营养状态与躯体、角色、情绪及社会功能呈负相关（P<0.05），与吞咽困难、进食、反流、梗阻、食欲减退、咳嗽症状呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 食管癌术后1个月患者营养状况及生命质量较差，随时间推移逐渐好转。医护人员应根据患者在不同时间点营养状况及生命质量的变化特点，制定规范化和个体化的延续护理方案，以促进患者术后康复、提高生命质量。     

EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer—2020 Update. Part 1: Screening,Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent

ObjectiveTo present a summary of the 2020 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa).Evidence acquisitionThe panel performed a literature review of new data, covering the time frame between 2016 and 2020. The guidelines were updated and a strength rating for each recommendation was added based on a systematic review of the evidence.Evidence synthesisA risk-adapted strategy for identifying men who may develop PCa is advised, generally commencing at 50 yr of age and based on individualised life expectancy. Risk-adapted screening should be offered to men at increased risk from the age of 45 yr and to breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation carriers, who have been confirmed to be at risk of early and aggressive disease (mainly BRAC2), from around 40 yr of age. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies is recommended. When a biopsy is performed, a combination of targeted and systematic biopsies must be offered. There is currently no place for the routine use of tissue-based biomarkers. Whilst prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography computed tomography is the most sensitive staging procedure, the lack of outcome benefit remains a major limitation. Active surveillance (AS) should always be discussed with low-risk patients, as well as with selected intermediate-risk patients with favourable International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2 lesions. Local therapies are addressed, as well as the AS journey and the management of persistent prostate-specific antigen after surgery. A strong recommendation to consider moderate hypofractionation in intermediate-risk patients is provided. Patients with cN1 PCa should be offered a local treatment combined with long-term hormonal treatment.ConclusionsThe evidence in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. The 2020 EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG guidelines on PCa summarise the most recent findings and advice for their use in clinical practice. These PCa guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management.Patient summaryUpdated prostate cancer guidelines are presented, addressing screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. These guidelines rely on the available scientific evidence, and new insights will need to be considered and included on a regular basis. In some cases, the supporting evidence for new treatment options is not yet strong enough to provide a recommendation, which is why continuous updating is important. Patients must be fully informed of all relevant options and, together with their treating physicians, decide on the most optimal management for them.     

胰腺切除患者术后低血糖影响因素分析

目的 探讨胰腺切除术后患者低血糖发生的影响因素,为临床实施预防护理策略提供参考.方法 选取319例胰腺切除手术患者作为研究对象,收集患者一般资料、疾病信息以及血糖相关资料,并进行影响因素分析.结果 41例(12.9％)患者术后发生低血糖.年龄≥65岁(OR=2.612),BMI＜18.5(OR = 5.849)、18.5～23.9(OR = 3.584),有卒中史(OR= 5.617)是胰腺切除术后患者低血糖发生的独立危险因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 临床医护人员需关注胰腺切除术后患者低血糖发生情况,尤其对高龄体质量正常或偏瘦以及存在卒中史患者.临床工作中应全面且动态评估患者病情,及时预防和处理患者低血糖的发生.